Magnetic field sensing for tamper identification

ABSTRACT

The present technology involves a method and apparatus for detecting and reporting magnetic fields in the proximity of a utility meter as an approach to determining tampering of such meter. The sensitivity level of the magnetic field sensors may be adjustable allowing either remote or local sensitivity adjustments to a magnetic field sensor to compensate for variations in the electromagnetic environments of different meter installation sites. Alternatively, the output of each magnetic field sensor may be connected to the input of an adjustable threshold circuit. When the output voltage of the magnetic field exceeds a predetermined threshold voltage, a magnetic event signal is generated. Threshold adjustments to the adjustable threshold circuit may be performed locally at the meter site or remotely from a station. The output of each magnetic field sensor may be monitored by a locally or remotely programmable magnetic sensor output monitor. Such magnetic sensor output monitor generates a magnetic event signal when a predetermined number of magnetic sensors have been activated.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present technology generally relates to a method andapparatus for detecting and reporting magnetic fields in the proximityof a utility meter, and, more particularly the use of such technology inthe context of improved meter tampering detection. The magnetic fieldsensors are adjustable allowing either remote or localsensitivity/selectivity adjustments to compensate for variations in theelectromagnetic environments of different meter installation sites.

[0002] Utility meters, including solid state and electromechanicalmeters, have been in use for many years to measure the consumption ofresources such as water, gas and electricity. Electric utilities, forexample, use such utility meters to generate data indicative of theconsumption of electric energy, which data is used for billing purposes.Traditionally, meter reading personnel would periodically inspect acustomer installation to look for signs of tampering with the utilitymeter and to record meter readings, either manually or with the use ofelectronic devices (such as probes or receivers). Billing to thecustomer is established based on such collected data. Today, however, ithas become increasingly common for such meters to have the capability ofcommunicating with a central communication station. Such capability isoften used for Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) where billing data is readremotely, eliminating the need for on-site data retrieval. Consequently,as the number of AMR equipped utility meters has increased, there hasbeen a corresponding decrease in on-site inspections of such utilitymeters.

[0003] One adverse result of the increased use of AMR equipped utilitymeters is the increased opportunity for undetected tampering with themetering equipment. Tampering with a meter, such as an electricitymeter, is an effort to defraud the electricity supplier of revenue towhich it is rightfully entitled for the delivery of electric energy. Onemethod of tampering with a utility meter is to subject the meter to amagnetic field. Electromagnetics embraces both electricity and magnetismand is basic to everything electric and magnetic. Thus, all electronicdevices, including utility meters, can be adversely affected by spuriouselectromagnetic energy. In fact, many of the components used in modemsolid-state electricity meters are sensitive to externally appliedmagnetic fields. If such fields are strong enough, these fields canreduce or eliminate altogether the meter's ability to measure theconsumed energy.

[0004] Most, if not all, utility meter manufacturers test their productsfor immunity/susceptibility to electromagnetic fields and design theirproducts to meet minimum immunity requirements set by regulatoryagencies (such as the European Union). Should a utility meter besubjected to electromagnetic fields or magnetic fields that exceed thelevel for which such meter is design to withstand, the utility metercould be adversely affected. For example, magnetic fields produced by amagnet can have adverse affects on the accuracy of a utility meter.

[0005] Electric utility meters often employ current transformers tosense the current being drawn through the meter. The presence of astrong magnetic field may cause errors to be induced within the currenttransformers. As is well known to those skilled in the art, the metercould gain energy or lose energy depending on how the spurious magneticfield lines are linked through the current transformer.

[0006] Similarly, the magnetic components (e.g. transformer or coupledinductor, depending on the power supply topology used) within theutility meter power supply are also susceptible toelectromagnetic/magnetic fields. Should a magnetic field saturate themagnetic components within the power supply of a utility meter, themeter may power down allowing energy to flow unmeasured.

[0007] In the past, to prevent magnetic tampering, ferrous metal coresand shields were used to block the magnetic fields within utilitymeters. Such shields and cores may not be the ideal magnetic tamperingprevention solution, however, as such shields and cores are expensiveand difficult to incorporate into new meter assemblies. Instead ofshielding the electronics of a utility meter, a better solution would beto detect the existence of electromagnetic fields within the proximityof a utility meter. Consequently, there is a need to detect magneticfields in the proximity of a utility meter.

[0008] Numerous utility meter tampering detection methods are known tothose skilled in the art of manufacturing utility meters. One suchmethod is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,473,322 issued on Dec. 5, 1995 toCarney which discloses a mechanical based tamper detection method.Carney '332 discloses a device for detecting tampering of a utilitymeter that includes sensors to detect a positional displacement of themeter coupled with loss of power to the meter. On sensing a positionaldisplacement of the meter, indicative of an attempt to remove the meter,a timer is activated to enable sensing a power loss to the meter withina predetermined amount of time. Another meter tampering detection methodis described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,707,679 issued on Nov. 17, 1987 toKennon, et al. which discloses using magnetically sensitive switches tosense the presence of a strong magnetic field in the region of aelectric meter. One problem with such magnetic tamper detection methodsis that the sensitivity may not be adjusted without making hardwarechanges to the utility meter.

[0009] Notably, electromagnetic energy may be either a natural or humanmade phenomena. Natural sources of electromagnetic energy includethunderstorms, the magnetic fields produced by magnets, and lightingdischarges, to name only three. Electric-power generators, faultyelectric-power transformers, electric-power transmission lines,broadcast communication electronics, radar, electric tools, electricmachines and automobile-ignition systems are among human madeelectromagnetic energy sources. Considering the diversity ofelectromagnetic energy sources, it is unlikely that any two utilitymeters will be installed in environments where the undesired ambientelectromagnetic energy levels are precisely equal. Consequently, a needexists for a method and apparatus for detecting magnetic fields in theproximity of a utility meter that is electrically programmable oradjustable so to allow remote or local adjustments to compensate forvariations in the level of ambient electromagnetic activity or“pollution” at different utility meter installation sites.

[0010] In addition, the sensitivity of some magnetic sensors, such asmagnetic reed switches, are not normally adjustable once such sensorshave been manufactured. By using two or more of such sensors to detectmagnetic fields over a wider area, the selectivity of such devices canbe improved. Consequently, there is a need for a method of improving theselectivity of such magnetic sensors.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0011] In view of the discussed drawbacks and shortcomings encounteredin the field of utility metering, an improved system for detectingmagnetic fields in the proximity of a utility meter has been developed.Thus, broadly speaking, a general object of the present subject matteris to provide required meter tamper detection through magnetic fielddetection. Another general object is to provide adjustable magneticfield meter tamper detection technology where thesensitivity/selectivity may be locally or remotely adjusted tocompensate for variations in the ambient electromagnetic environmentsurrounding a utility meter.

[0012] It is another principle object of the disclosed technology toprovide a magnetic field detection apparatus wherein a plurality ofmagnetic field sensors are oriented in a manner to enhance the abilityto detect magnetic fields in three dimensions.

[0013] It is still yet another principle object of the disclosedtechnology to transfer magnetic sensor activation related data to aremote location. This transfer of data is accomplished using any type ofwell known transmitter/receiver technology, such as transmitter/receivertechnology common in AMR equipped utility meters. Such aspect providesfor remote detection of a magnetic field event.

[0014] A still further object of the disclosed technology is to transfermagnetic field apparatus adjustment data from a remote location to theutility meter. This transfer of data may also be accomplished usingknown transmitter/receiver technology, such as transmitter/receivertechnology common in AMR equipped utility meters. Such aspect providesfor remote adjustment/calibration of the magnetic field sensortechnology.

[0015] Additional objects and advantages of the present subject matterare set forth in, or will be apparent to, those of ordinary skill in theart from the detailed description herein. Also, it should be furtherappreciated that modifications and variations to the specificallyillustrated, referred and discussed features and steps hereof may bepracticed in various embodiments and uses of the invention withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope thereof, by virtue of presentreference thereto. Such variations may include, but are not limited to,substitution of equivalent means, features, or steps for thoseillustrated, referenced, or discussed, and the functional, operational,or positional reversal of various parts, features, steps, or the like.

[0016] Still further, it is to be understood that different embodiments,as well as different presently preferred embodiments, of this inventionmay include various combinations or configurations of presentlydisclosed features or elements, or their equivalents (includingcombinations of features, parts, or steps or configurations thereof notexpressly shown in the figures or stated in the detailed description ofsuch figures). One exemplary such embodiment of the present subjectmatter relates to a magnetic field detection apparatus, including atleast one magnetic field sensor with an adjustable sensitivity level. Aplurality of adjustable magnetic field sensors may be used and orientedin a manner to enhance the ability to detect magnetic fields in threedimensions. Each adjustable magnetic field sensor (if plural are used inan embodiment) is connected to a processor for recording sensoractivation related data when a magnetic field whose strength is detectedabove a given threshold level. The processor may be connected totransmitter/receiver technology common in AMR equipped meters. Suchtransmitter/receiver technology is well known to those skilled in theart. The transmitter/receiver technology is used to transmit databetween a remote station and the processor, such data including sensoractivation related data and sensor adjustment data.

[0017] Another present exemplary embodiment of the subject technologyconcerns a magnetic field detection apparatus where one or more magneticfield sensor outputs are connected to an adjustable threshold circuit.The adjustable threshold circuit is adjusted to vary the spuriousmagnetic field strength required to generate a magnetic field detectionsignal. One or more magnetic field sensors may be used and oriented in amanner to enhance the ability to detect magnetic fields in threedimensions. Each magnetic field sensor may be collectively connected toa single adjustable threshold circuit, or each magnetic field sensor mayhave an adjustable threshold circuit specifically dedicated for eachmagnetic field sensor. Each adjustable threshold circuit is connected toa processor for recording sensor activation related data when a magneticfield with strength beyond the respectively established threshold valuesis detected. As before, the processor may be connected totransmitter/receiver technology, such as technology common in AMRequipped meters. Such transmitter/receiver technology is well known tothose skilled in the art. The transmitter/receiver technology is used totransmit data between a remote station and the processor, such dataincluding sensor activation related data and threshold adjustment data.

[0018] Additional embodiments of the present subject matter concerncorresponding methodology or other embodiments for detecting magneticfields within the proximity of a utility meter. In some embodiments, thepresent claims are combined with the utility meter (e.g., a solid statemeter, a electromechanical meter, or a hybrid solidstate/electromechanical meter, or some other kind of utility meter -including electricity or non-electricity meters). A first step in anexemplary method is to position at least one magnetic field sensordevices with an adjustable sensitivity level within the utility meter. Asecond step is to provide a processor, wherein the processor isconnected to each magnetic field sensor. Preferably, when a magneticfield sensor is exposed to a magnetic field with a field strength thatexceeds a given level, the magnetic field sensor activates and theprocessors detects such activation. A third step in such exemplarymethod is to store magnetic event related when the processor detects amagnetic field sensor activation. As before, the processor may beconnected to transmitter/receiver technology. The transmitter/receivertechnology is used to transmit data between a remote station and theprocessor, such data including magnetic event signal related data andmagnetic field sensor programming/adjustment data.

[0019] A first step in a second exemplary method is to position at leasttwo magnetic field sensor devices within the utility meter. For thisexemplary method, the magnetic field sensors may or may not haveadjustable sensitivity levels. A second step in such exemplary method isto provide a sensor output monitor that monitors the output of eachmagnetic field sensor device and detects when a magnetic sensor devicehas been activated. The sensor output monitor is connected to eachmagnetic sensor device and is preferably programmable or adjustable togenerate a magnetic event signal when a minimum number of magnetic fieldsensor device activations have been detected. The sensor output monitormay be connected to a processor, wherein such processor stores magneticevent signal related data when a magnetic event signal is detected. Asbefore, the processor may be connected to transmitter/receivertechnology. The transmitter/receiver technology is used to transmit databetween a remote station and the processor, such data including magneticevent signal related data and sensor output monitor programming data.

[0020] Additional embodiments of the present subject matter, notnecessarily expressed in this summarized section, may include andincorporate various combinations of aspects of features, components, orsteps referenced in the summarized objectives above, and/or otherfeatures, components, or steps as otherwise discussed in thisapplication. Those of ordinary skill in the art will better appreciatethe features and aspects of such embodiments, and others, upon review ofthe remainder of the specification.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] A full and enabling disclosure of the present subject matter,including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill inthe art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to theappended figures, in which:

[0022]FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustration of an exemplary magneticfield sensing apparatus wherein the sensitivity of the magnetic fieldsensor is adjustable;

[0023]FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustration of an exemplary magneticfield sensing apparatus wherein the magnetic field sensor is connectedto an adjustable threshold circuit;

[0024]FIG. 3a is an illustration showing a front view of an exemplaryutility meter including possible location of a plurality of magneticfield sensors;

[0025]FIG. 3b is an illustration showing a side view of an exemplaryutility meter including possible location of a plurality of magneticfield sensors; and

[0026]FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustration of an exemplary magneticfield sensing apparatus wherein a plurality of magnetic field sensorsare connected to a sensor output monitor.

[0027] Repeat use of reference characters throughout the presentspecification and appended drawings is intended to represent same oranalogous features or elements of the disclosed technology.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

[0028] As previously discussed, the present subject matter isparticularly concerned with sensing magnetic fields in the proximity ofa utility meter. The magnetic field sensing technology is adjustable toallow fine tuning of the sensing technology to compensate for variationsin the level of ambient electromagnetic energy surrounding utilitymeters installed in different electromagnetic environments.

[0029] It should be noted that each of the exemplary embodimentspresented and discussed herein should not insinuate limitations of thepresent subject matter. Features illustrated or described as part of oneembodiment may be used in combination with aspects of another embodimentto yield yet further embodiments. Additionally, certain features may beinterchanged with similar devices or features not expressly mentionedwhich perform the same or similar function. Reference will now be madein detail to the presently preferred embodiments of the subjectinteractive utility system.

[0030] Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 provides a block diagramillustration of an exemplary magnetic field sensing apparatus 10 whereinthe sensitivity of the magnetic field sensor 12 is adjustable. Oneexample of a magnetic field sensor in accordance with the presentsubject matter is a Hall cell device. The magnetic field sensor may beconnected to a processor 14. For solid state or hybrid utility meters,processor 14 may be the microprocessor that controls the meteroperation. Alternatively, in either solid state, electromechanical, orsolid state/electromechanical hybrid (hereafter referred to as a hybridutility meter) utility meters, processor 14 may be an applicationspecific processor dedicated to monitoring and communicating with amagnetic field sensor. Processor 14 may also be connected totransmitter/receiver technology 16 for communicating with a remotelocation. Communications among utility meters and other devices in autility system can be implemented using various technologies that arewell knownin the art. Both processor 14 and transmitter/receivertechnology 16 may be incorporated within a utility meter 17. Utilitymeter 17 may be either a solid state meter, electromechanical meter, orhybrid utility meter.

[0031] In one preferred embodiment of the present magnetic field sensingtechnology, the sensitivity of the magnetic field sensor 12 may beeither locally or remotely adjusted. Local adjustments would preferablybe implemented using a hand held computing device capable of wired orwireless communication with a utility meter. For example, wiredcommunications could be conducted over an optical port. Optical portsand related communication protocols are common to utility meters andsuch technology is well known in the art. In an exemplary embodiment,commands may be sent over the optical port to processor 14 and processor14 would adjust the sensitivity of the magnetic field sensor. In thealternative, local magnetic field sensor sensitivity adjustments may beperformed manually. Such adjustment, for example, may involve manuallychanging a magnetic field sensor sensitivity adjustment mechanism.

[0032] The magnetic field sensor sensitivity may also be adjustedremotely via a computing device at a remote location. In such embodimentof the present technology, magnetic field sensor adjustment commands aresent to the processor (14) from a remote location. The processor (14)would then make the necessary magnetic field sensitivity adjustments.

[0033] In this embodiment of the present technology, when a magneticfield sensor is subjected to a magnetic field of sufficient strength,depending on the sensitivity setting, the magnetic sensor activates.Notably, if a plurality of magnetic field sensors are used, eachmagnetic field sensor may have a unique sensitivity setting. Forexample, if four magnetic field sensors are used, then the first sensormay have a sensitivity of X, the second sensor a sensitivity of 2X, athird sensor a sensitivity of 3X and a fourth sensor a sensitivity of4X. Now suppose two magnetic field events are recorded, call them eventone and event two. During event one, only the first sensor and secondsensor are activated. During event two, assume all four sensors wereactivated. Under these conditions, it is likely that the magnetic fielddetected during event two was at least twice as strong as the magneticfield detected during event one.

[0034] Another advantage of using a plurality of magnetic field sensorswould be enhancing the ability of detecting magnetic fields inthree-dimensions. For example, consider the commonly knownrepresentation for three-dimensional space configured by respective X,Y, and Z axes. A first magnetic field sensor could be orientated in amanner to optimize detecting magnetic fields along the X axis, a secondmagnetic field sensor could be orientated in a manner to optimizedetecting magnetic fields along the Y axis, and a third magnetic sensorcould be orientated in a manner to optimize detecting magnetic fieldsalong the Z axis.

[0035] Referring still to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, processor14, monitors the output of each magnetic field sensor 12, detects themagnetic field sensor activation event and records magnetic field sensoractivation related data. Magnetic field sensor activation related datamay include the time, date, field strength, duration in time of magneticfield sensor activation, to name only a few. Once a magnetic fieldsensor activation event is detected and related data is recorded, theprocessor 14 may initiate communication with a computer at a remotelocation to report the event. Alternatively, processor 14 could reportthe magnetic field sensor activation related data during normallyscheduled communications, such as would be common among AMR equippedutility meters.

[0036] With reference to another exemplary embodiment of the disclosedtechnology, FIG. 2 provides a block diagram of a magnetic field sensingapparatus 18 with an adjustable threshold circuit. In this embodiment,the output of magnetic field sensor 20, such as a hall cell, isconnected to the input of an adjustable threshold circuit 22. The outputof the adjustable threshold circuit 22 is connected to processor 14. Theprocessor 14 is also connected to an adjustable threshold circuitadjustment mechanism 26. In addition, the processor 14 is also connectedto transmitter/receiver technology 16. As described above, thetransmitter/receiver technology is well known in the art.

[0037] It will be appreciated that FIG. 2 shows only one exemplarymagnetic field sensor and one exemplary adjustable threshold circuit. Aplurality of magnetic field sensors could be used and connected into asingle adjustable threshold circuit without departing from the scope ofthis technology. Likewise, a plurality of magnetic field sensors may beconnected to a plurality of adjustable threshold circuits.

[0038] Preferably, the output level of the magnetic field sensor 20would be a function of the magnetic field being sensed. For example, thestronger the magnetic field around the magnetic field sensor 20, thegreater the output voltage 30 of the magnetic field sensor 20. For thisexemplary embodiment, when the output voltage 30 of a magnetic fieldsensor 20 exceeds the threshold voltage 32 inputted to comparator 34,the comparator output 36 would change states generating a magnetic eventsignal. It will be appreciated that other embodiments of the adjustablethreshold circuit (such as logic devices other than comparators) may beused without departing from the scope of this technology. Processor 14may also be connected to transmitter/receiver technology 16 forcommunicating with a remote location. Communications among utilitymeters and other devices in a utility system can be implemented usingvarious technologies that are well known in the art.

[0039] The processor 14, preferably monitors the output of eachadjustable threshold circuit. When a magnetic event signal is detected,the processor 14 records magnetic event signal related data. Magneticevent signal related data may include the time, date, field strength,duration in time of magnetic field sensor activation, and the thresholdlevel, to name only a few. Once a magnetic event signal is detected andrelated data recorded, the processor 14 may initiate communication witha computer at a remote location to report the event. Alternatively, theprocessor 14 may report the magnetic event related data during normallyscheduled communications, such as would be common among AMR equippedutility meters.

[0040] In one preferred embodiment of the present magnetic field sensingtechnology, the sensitivity of adjustable threshold circuit 22 may beeither locally or remotely adjusted. Local adjustments would preferablybe implemented using a hand held computing device wired or wirelesslyinterfaced to a utility meter port, such as an optical port. Opticalports and related communication protocols are common to utility metersand such technology is well known in the art. In an exemplaryembodiment, commands may be sent over the optical port to the processor14 and the processor 14 would adjust the sensitivity of adjustablethreshold circuit 22. An exemplary adjustable threshold circuit 22 shownin FIG. 2 comprises a comparator with a programmable power source (thethreshold voltage) connected to the inverting input of a comparator 34.A sensor output 30 is connected to the non-inverting input of thecomparator 34. When the sensor 30 output voltage exceeds the thresholdvoltage, the comparator output 36 changes states, signaling thedetection of a magnetic event.

[0041] In the alternative, local adjustable threshold circuitadjustments may be performed manually. Such adjustments, for example,may involve manually changing a threshold adjustment mechanism, such asturning a potentiometer. The sensitivity of adjustable threshold circuit22 may also be adjusted remotely via a computing device at a remotelocation. In this embodiment of the present technology, adjustablethreshold circuit adjustment commands are sent to the processor 14 froma remote location. The processor 14 would then make the necessarythreshold adjustments.

[0042] When a plurality of magnetic field sensors are used, each sensormay have a unique threshold adjustment. As stated above with regards toFIG. 1, an advantage of using a plurality of magnetic field sensorswould be enhancing the ability of detecting magnetic fields inthree-dimensions.

[0043] With further references to the exemplary embodiments of thedisclosed technology, FIG. 3a and FIG. 3b provide an illustration of thefront view 40 and side view 44 of a utility meter with a plurality ofmagnetic field sensors (46, 47, 48, 49) located a various exemplarypoints within a utility meter.

[0044] Referring now to FIG. 4, an exemplary magnetic field detectingapparatus 50 with a sensor output monitor 52 that may be used to adjustthe selectivity of magnetic field detecting apparatus 50. For suchembodiment of the disclosed technology, the sensitivity of magneticfield sensors 46-49, respectively, may or may not be adjustable.Preferably, the outputs 56 a-56 d, respectively, of each magnetic fieldsensor is connected to a sensor output monitor 52. The sensor outputmonitor is preferably connected to a processor 14, which may beconnected to transmitter/receiver technology 16. Output monitor 52 mayalso be incorporated within processor 14.

[0045] The sensor output monitor 52 monitors the output of each magneticfield sensor 56 a-56 d. When a minimum number of magnetic field sensorshave been activated, the sensor output monitor 52 generates a magneticevent signal 58. For example, as is well known by those of ordinaryskill in the art, some meter designs allow activation of alternate modesof operation via activation of a magnetic switch. A technician may usesa hand-held magnetic to activate such alternate modes of meteroperation. Such technician related activities do not represent amagnetic field meter tamper event.

[0046] Now suppose four magnetic field sensors (46, 47, 48, 49) arepositioned inside utility meter 17 as (shown in FIG. 3a) and thatactivation of magnetic field sensor 46 evokes an alternative mode ofoperation. The sensor output monitor 52 may be programmed so that amagnetic event signal is generated only when the magnetic field sensorsactivated include sensor 49 and sensor 47. Thus, a magnetic field thatactivates only magnetic field sensor 46 would not result in a magneticevent signal being generated. A magnetic field that activates sensor 46,sensor 47 and sensor 49 would result in a magnetic event signal beinggenerated.

[0047] Preferably, the processor 14 detects when the sensor outputmonitor 52 generates a magnetic event signal. When a magnetic eventsignal is detected, the processor 14 records magnetic event signalrelated data. Magnetic event signal related data may include the time,date, field strength, duration in time of magnetic field sensoractivation, the threshold level (if any), to name only a few. Once amagnetic event signal is detected and related data recorded, theprocessor 14 may initiate communications with a computer at a remotelocation to report the event. Alternatively, the processor 14 may reportthe magnetic event related data during normally scheduledcommunications, such as would be common among AMR equipped utilitymeters.

[0048] In one preferred embodiment of the present magnetic field sensingtechnology, the sensor output monitor 52 is programmable or adjustableto facilitate changes in the selectivity parameter of the presenttechnology. Such selectivity adjustments/reprogramming may be performedeither locally or remotely. Local adjustments would preferably beimplemented using a hand held computing device capable of communicatingwith a utility meter, such as communications over an optical port.Optical ports and related communication protocols are common to utilitymeters and such technology is well known in the art. In an exemplaryembodiment, commands may be sent over the optical port to the processor14 and the processor 14 would adjust or reprogram the selectivity of thesensor output monitor 52. Alternatively, local hardware selectivityadjustments may be performed manually. Such adjustments, for example,may involve changing the states of a hardware switch. The selectivity ofsensor output monitor 52 may also be adjusted remotely via a computingdevice at a remote location. In such embodiment of the presenttechnology, adjustment/reprogramming commands for sensor output monitor52 are sent to the processor 14 within the utility meter from a remotelocation. The processor 14 would then make the necessary adjustments orimplement the necessary reprogramming steps.

[0049] As before, a plurality of magnetic field sensors may be used,each sensor having a unique threshold adjustment. For example, magneticfield sensor 46, Shown in FIG. 3a, could be a plurality of magneticfield sensors. This cluster of magnetic field sensors could be in thegeneral location of magnetic field sensor 46 shown in FIG. 3a.

[0050] While the present subject matter has been described in detailwith respect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be appreciatedthat those skilled in the art, upon attaining an understand of theforegoing may readily produce alterations to, variations of, andequivalents to such embodiments. Accordingly, the scope of the presentdisclosure is by way of example rather than by way of limitation, andthe subject disclosure does not preclude inclusion of suchmodifications, variations and/or additions to the present subject matteras would be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus for detecting magnetic fields in theproximity of a utility meter, said apparatus comprising: at least onemagnetic field sensor with an adjustable sensitivity level, wherein saidmagnetic field sensor is activated when exposed to a given level ofmagnetic field strength; and a processor connected to said magneticfield sensor device, wherein said processor stores sensor activationrelated data.
 2. An apparatus for detecting magnetic fields as in claim1, wherein said magnetic field sensor comprises a Hall cell device. 3.An apparatus for detecting magnetic fields as in claim 1, furthercomprising a utility meter including one of a solid state meter,electromechanical meter, and a solid state/electromechanical hybridmeter.
 4. An apparatus for detecting magnetic fields as in claim 1,wherein a plurality of magnetic field sensors are oriented in a mannerto enhance their ability to detect magnetic fields in three dimensions,and wherein said processor is connected to each of said plurality ofmagnetic field sensors.
 5. An apparatus for detecting magnetic fields asin claim 1, wherein said adjustable sensitivity level of said magneticfield sensor may be adjusted manually.
 6. An apparatus for detectingmagnetic fields as in claim 1, wherein said adjustable sensitivity levelof said magnetic field sensor is automatically adjustable by saidprocessor, and said processor is operative for automatically adjustingsaid sensitivity level.
 7. An apparatus for detecting magnetic fields asin claim 1, further comprising a transmitter/receiver connected to saidprocessor, wherein said transmitter/receiver is used to transferselected sensor activation related data to a remote location.
 8. Anapparatus for detecting magnetic fields as in claim 7, wherein saidsensor activation related data includes at least one of time, date,field strength, duration in time of magnetic field sensor activation,and the magnetic sensor sensitivity setting.
 9. An apparatus fordetecting magnetic fields as in claim 7, wherein saidtransmitter/receiver is used to transfer magnetic field sensoradjustment data to said processor thereby remotely adjusting saidsensitivity level of said magnetic field sensor.
 10. An apparatus fordetecting magnetic fields in the proximity of a utility meter, todetermine attempted tampering with the utility meter, said apparatuscomprising: at least one magnetic field sensor device having a sensoroutput; an adjustable threshold circuit connected to said magnetic fieldsensor, wherein said adjustable threshold circuit generates a magneticevent signal when said sensor output exceeds a threshold value; and aprocessor connected to the adjustable threshold circuit, wherein theprocessor stores sensor activation related data when a magnetic eventsignal is detected.
 11. An apparatus for detecting magnetic fields as inclaim 10, further including a utility meter comprising one of a solidstate, electromechanical, and solid state/electromechanical hybridmeters.
 12. An apparatus for detecting magnetic fields as in claim 10,wherein said magnetic sensor device comprises Hall cell devices.
 13. Anapparatus for detecting magnetic fields as in claim 10, including aplurality of magnetic field sensor devices oriented in a manner toenhance their collective ability to detect magnetic fields in threedimensions.
 14. An apparatus for detecting magnetic fields as in claim10, wherein the magnitude of said output of said magnetic field sensordevice is a function of the corresponding magnetic field strength in theproximity of the magnetic field sensor device.
 15. An apparatus fordetecting magnetic fields as in claim 10, wherein the threshold level ofthe adjustable threshold circuit may be adjusted manually.
 16. Anapparatus for detecting magnetic fields as in claim 10, wherein thethreshold level of the adjustable threshold circuit is adjustedautomatically by the processor.
 17. An apparatus for detecting magneticfields as in claim 10, further comprising a transmitter/receiverconnected to the processor, wherein the transmitter/receiver is used totransmit the sensor activation related data to a remote location.
 18. Anapparatus for detecting magnetic fields as in claim 17, wherein thesensor activation related data includes at least time, date, fieldstrength, duration in time of magnetic field sensor activation, and thethreshold level setting.
 19. An apparatus for detecting magnetic fieldsas in claim 17, wherein the transmitter/receiver is used to transferthreshold adjustment data to the processor, wherein the processor usesthe threshold adjustment data to adjust the threshold of the adjustablethreshold circuit.
 20. A method for detecting magnetic fields within theproximity of a utility meter, comprising the steps of: (a) positioningat least two magnetic field sensor devices within the utility meter; (b)monitoring the output of said magnetic field sensor device to detectwhen a magnetic field sensor device has been activated; (c) providing asensor output monitor, where the sensor output monitor generates amagnetic event signal when a minimum number of magnetic field sensordevice activations have been detected; and (d) providing a processor,wherein the processor receives indication of the generation of amagnetic event signal and stores magnetic event signal related data. 21.A method for detecting magnetic fields as in claim 20, furthercomprising the step of orienting said magnetic field sensors in a mannerto enhance the ability to detect magnetic fields in three dimensionswith a specific number of magnetic field sensor device activations. 22.A method for detecting magnetic fields as in claim 20, wherein saidsensor output monitor is programmable.
 23. A method for detectingmagnetic fields as in claim 22, further including the step of manuallyprogramming said sensor output monitor.
 24. A method for detectingmagnetic fields as in claim 22, further including the step of providinga transmitter/receiver, wherein the transmitter/receiver providesequipment for communicating between said processor and a centralcommunication station.
 25. A method for detecting magnetic fields as inclaim 24, wherein said processor transfers magnetic event signal relateddata to a central communication station.
 26. A method for detectingmagnetic fields as in claim 24, further including the step ofestablishing communications between said processor and a centralcommunication station, wherein said central communication stationtransfers programming instructions to said processor to be used toprogram said sensor output monitor.
 27. A method for detecting magneticfields within the proximity of a utility meter, comprising the steps of:(a) positioning at least one magnetic field sensor with an adjustablesensitivity level within said utility meter, wherein said magnetic fieldsensor is activated when exposed to a given level of magnetic fieldstrength; (b) providing a processor, wherein said processor is connectedto said magnetic field sensor to detect magnetic field sensoractivation; and (c) storing magnetic event related data when saidmagnetic field sensor activation is detected.
 28. A method for detectingmagnetic fields as in claim 27, further comprising the step of providinga plurality of magnetic field sensor devices oriented in a manner toenhance their collective ability to detect magnetic fields in threedimensions.
 29. A method for detecting magnetic fields as in claim 27,wherein said magnetic field sensor comprises a Hall cell device.
 30. Amethod for detecting magnetic fields as in claim 27, wherein saidutility meter comprises one of a solid state meter, a electromechanical,and a solid state/electromechanical hybrid meter.
 31. A method fordetecting magnetic fields as in claim 27, further comprising the step ofmanually adjusting the sensitivity level of said magnetic field sensor.32. A method for detecting magnetic fields as in claim 27, furthercomprising the step of adjusting the sensitivity level of said magneticfield sensor automatically via adjustments commands issued by saidprocessor, wherein said processor is operative for automaticallyadjusting said sensitivity level.
 33. A method for detecting magneticfields as in claim 32, further comprising the step of providing atransmitter/receiver connected to said processor, wherein saidtransmitter/receiver is used to transfer said magnetic event relateddata to a remote location.
 34. A method for detecting magnetic fields asin claim 33, wherein said magnetic event related data includes at leastone of time, date, field strength, duration in time of magnetic fieldsensor activation, and the magnetic sensor sensitivity setting.
 35. Amethod for detecting magnetic fields as in claim 33, further comprisingthe step of remotely adjusting said sensitivity level of said magneticfield sensor using said transmitter/receiver to transfer magnetic fieldsensor adjustment commands to said processor.